Vinyl hydrogen maleate

Hydrogenation of ethyl acetoacetate was investigated in the presence of Ru complex [Ru(CO)3CL2]2 bounded with optically active copolymer of Na-maleate-(S)-(2-methylbutyl) vinyl ether and with poly-sodium glutamate. Only the latter catalyst revealed a low ee of 3% at 100°C and 80 bar V... 

Other heats of co-polymerization w hich are available include those between vinyl acetate and the two isomers diethyl fumarate and diethyl maleate. If the co-polymers derived in these two cases are identical, then the difference between their heats of co-polymerization should be equal to the heat of isomerization of diethyl maleate to diethyl fumarate. WilUams has measured the heats of hydrogenation of the two isomers in solution as — 33 5 rb 0 1 and — 29 3 rh 0 1 kcal/mole, respectively, so that the heat of isomerization is — 4 2 i 0 2 kcal/mole. The observed difference between the heats of co-polymerization is —-1 6 0 5 kcal/mole. The difference of 2 6 i 0 7 kcal/mole between this value and the heat of isomerization is well outside the combined experimental error. This difference might be accountable in terms of different heats of mixing of the monomers in the two systems, and differences in heats of solution in the hydrogenation reactions. On the other hand it may indicate that the vinyl acetate/dietliyl maleate and vinyl acetate/di-... 

Combinations of donor/acceptor systems, comprised of at least one multifunctional monomer, are actually capable of sustaining rapid fi ee-radical polymerization without external photoinitiators. Donor monomers can be vinyl ethers, N-vinylformamides, and N-vinylalkylamides. The acceptor monomers are maleic anhydride, N-arylmaleimides, N-alkylmaleimides, dialkyl maleates, and dialkyl fumarates. N-alkylmaleimides can participate in excited state hydrogen abstraction fi om diacrylates. The reaction proceeds either in the presence or in the absence of oxygen. ... 

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