Vinyl carbazole bulk polymerization

The simplest procedure for grafting copolymerization, in terms of number of components in the reaction medium, is a bulk polymerization of the monomer in mixture with the molten polyamide. This has been claimed in an earlier patent (2), related to improvements in dyeability and hydrophylic properties of the resulting yam, obtained by melt spinning of the product of reaction with monomers such as 2,5-dichloro styrene, lauryl methacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and N-vinyl carbazole. 

As was mentioned above, in 2007, it was shown that SWNT covalently functionalized with a polymer may be obtained by a bulk polymerization [33]. The reaction mechanisms that occur in the polymerization processes can be understood by Raman light scattering and FTIR spectroscopic studies, which prove the functionalization of CNTs both with monomers (e.g. N-vinyl carbazole (VK)) and polymer molecules (e.g. PVK) [33]. 

M. Baibarac, I. Baltog, S. Lefi t, and P. Gomez-Romero, Spectroscopic evidence for the bulk polymerization of N-vinyl carbazole in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer, 48, 5279-5288 (2007). 

Poly(vinyl carbazole) is produced by adiabatic bulk polymerization under nitrogen pressure using azobisisobutyronitrile and di-tert-butyl peroxide as initiators. Heating to 80—90°C causes an onset of polymerization and a rapid increase in temperature. After the maximum temperature has been reached the mass is cooled under pressure. 

TERP, SBRP, and BIRP are routinely carried out without solvent (bulk polymerization), but several solvents have also been used. Polar solvents, such as iV,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), were used for the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NfPAM), acrylonitrile (AN), N-vinyl carbazole (NVC), and acrylic acid (AA). °TERP of NIPAM was also carried out in a DMF/water mixture at 20 °C under condition C7 TERP has been also applied to emulsion polymerization in an aqueous dispersed media (see below). The results dearly indicate the high compatibility of these methods for polar functional groups and solvents. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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