Vicinal lesion

Delatour T, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Brochier M-C, Cadet J (1999) Novel vicinal lesion obtained from the oxidative photosensitization of TpdG characterization and mechanistic aspects. Chem Res Toxicol 11 1005-1013... 

Box HC, Budzinski EE, Freund HG, Evans MS, Patrzyc HB, Wallace JC, Maccubbin AE (1993) Vicinal lesions in X-irradiated DNA Int J Radiat Biol 64 261-263 Box HC, Freund HG, Budzinski EE, Wallace JC, Maccubbin AE (1995) Free radical-induced double base lesions. Radiat Res 141 91-94... 

Box HC (1977) Radiation effects ESR and ENDOR Analysis. Academic Press, New York Box HC, Budzinski EE (1975) Primary radiation damage in thymidine. J Chem Phys 62 197-199 Box HC, Potter WR, Budzinski EE (1975) The reduction of nucleotides by ionizing radiation Uridine 5 phosphate and cytidine 3 phosphate. J Chem Phys 62 3476-3478 Box HC, Budzinski EE, Freund HG, Evans MS, Patrzyc HB, Wallace JC, Maccubbin AE (1993) Vicinal lesions in X-irradiated DNA Int J Radiat Biol 64 261-263 Box HC, Freund HG, Budzinski EE, Wallace JC, Maccubbin AE (1995) Free radical-induced double base lesions. Radiat Res 141 91-94... 

Malins DC, BB McCain, DW Brown, MS Myers, MM Krahn, S-L Chan (1987) Toxic chemicals, including aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and liver lesions in white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) from the vicinity of Los Angeles. Environ Sci Technol 21 765-770. 

In close vicinity of the ARAS the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei are situated. Combined coma and oculomotor disturbances points to a brainstem lesion (Parvizi and Damasio 2003). Other clinical symptoms like respiratory pattern, pupillary reflex, and position or movement patterns of the limbs may help localize the site of the lesion. 

Another method to optimize image contrast includes the addition of an inversion recovery pulse before the typical SE sequence to suppress signal from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This yields so-called fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-or CSF-suppressed DWI images or ADC maps. With this approach, the partial-volume effect of cerebrospinal fluid can be substantially reduced, which is particularly relevant in cortical regions due to the frequent CSF contribution to individual voxels (Latour and Warach 2002). The technique may enhance lesion conspicuity in the vicinity of CSF and has been shown to be of value in research studies utilizing pixel-wise analyses to predict tissue fate. The technique is not yet implemented in many centers, although this may change in the near future. 

Psoralen interstrand cross-links pose strong blocks to T7 RNA polymerase, E. coli RNA polymerase, and RNA Pol II [54, 65, 81], which is to be expected since the double helix cannot unwind in the vicinity of the adduct. Psoralen monoadducts on the transcribed strand of DNA pose blocks to transcription as well. Historically, psoralen adducts are of great interest since they were among the first chemically induced lesions to be investigated for TC-NER. Interestingly, psoralen interstrand cross-links are subject to TC-NER, but the monoadducts are not [82]. 

---