Vibrational spectroscopy substituted benzenes

Reddy, K. V., Heller, D. F., and Berry, M. J. (1982), Highly Vibrationally Excited Benzene Overtone Spectroscopy and Intramolecular Dynamics of CsH6, C6D6, and Partially Deuterated or Substituted Benzenes, J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2814. 

Randle, R. R., and D. H. Whiffen The characteristic vibration frequencies of substituted benzenes, in Molecular spectroscopy. London The Institute of Petroleum, 1955, pp. Ill—128. 

Historically, the cyclic structure of benzene with symmetry, as shown in Fig. 7.3.15, was deduced by enumerating the derivatives formed in the mono-, di-, tri-substitution reactions of benzene. The structure can also be established directly using physical methods such as X-ray and neutron diffraction, NMR, and vibrational spectroscopy. We now discuss the infrared and Raman spectral data of benzene. 

The harmonic forw field of benzene is the most studied force field of any molecule of similar size. Due to the high symmetry of benzene, its harmonic force field can be expressed with only 34 distinct parameters. The modest number of parameters makes it possible to collect enough experimental information to determine the complete force field. Experimentalists have obtained the required data by collecting information on almost all possible isotope-substituted species by various techniques, including non-tranditional vibrational methods based on one-photon and two-photon electron spectroscopy... 

---