Vesuvius volcano

Paone, A., Ayuso, R. A., and De Vivo, B. (2001). A metallogenic survey of alkalic rocks of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Mineral. Petrol. 73, 201-233. 

The enthalpy of decomposition, which is rather low compared with criterion C, in the CHETAH programme (see p.117), was determined by DSC and corresponds to 0.76 KJ/g at 230-260°C. In a confined atmosphere the decomposition conditions would be explosive. This reaction has been used many times because of its spectacular aspect. This is why it is called Vesuvius fire by artificers and green volcano by lecturers. These demonstrations should be stopped because of the detonation risks they represent as well as chromium (III) oxide toxicity. 

E.-F. GeofEroy stated that sal ammoniac, because of its volatility and die manner in which it used to be prepared, was often called the heavenly eagle, the flying lUtle bird, die solar salt, or die mercurial soot (43). Herman Boerhaave believed diat, since Vesuvius and other volcanoes eject sal ammoniac, it is therefore necessary to class this salt with die fossils, although it is believed that that which is now being brought to us is an animal production (75). By die word fossil Boerhaave and his contemporaries meant a mineral, or substance dug from the earth. 

Erythrosiderite, its ammonium analogue, kremersite, and chlormanganokalite are all very deliquescent, a fact in accord with their occurrence around fumaroles and in ejecta at the volcanoes of Vesuvius and Mt. Etna. The former mineral was found associated with molysite, FeCl3, which... 

Rittmann A (1930) Geologie der Insel Ischia, Zeitschr Vulkanol 6 265 pp Rittmann A (1933) Die geologische bedingte evolution und differentiation des Somma-Vesuvius magmas. Zeitschr Vulkanol 15 8-94 Robin C, Colantoni P, Gennesseaux M, Rehault JP (1987) Vavilov seamount a mildly alkaline quaternary volcano in the Tyrrhenian Basin. Mar Geol 78 125-136... 

Santacroce R, Bertagnini A, Civetta L, Landi P, Sbrana A (1993) Eruptive dynamics and petrogenetic processes in a very shallow magma reservoir the 1906 eruption of Vesuvius. J Petrol 34 383-425 Santacroce R, Cristofolini R, La Volpe L, Orsi G, Rosi M (2003) Italian active volcanoes. Episodes 26 227-234... 

Southern Italy. There is a pronounced northward decrease in He/ He ratios between the Aeolian Islands of southern Italy and the region of Mt. Vesuvius known as the Campanian Magmatic Province or the Neopolitan volcanic region. Mt. Etna on Sicily can be included in this trend as recent work (e.g., Schiano et al. 2001) indicates a progressive transition from a plume-related to a typical island-arc source for this volcano. The trend or step function in the helium isotope systematics of southern Italy was first pointed out by Sano et al. (1989) and ascribed to shallow crustal contamination effects. However, subsequent work (Marty et al. 1994) has shown the combined He-O-Sr-C isotope systematics are consistent with the progressive involvement of Africa continental crust which has been subducted beneath the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The influence of the African plate increases in a northerly direction (Marty et al. 1994)—towards Mt. Vesuvius (see data of Graham et al. 1993) and possibly as far north as the Roman and South Tuscany volcanic provinces (see Tedesco 1997). 

Composite Volcanoes are described as being built by both lava flows and layers of ash and cinders. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount St. Helens in Washington, USA, and Mount Vesuvius in Italy are all famous composite volcanoes. 

Excess Pb unsupported by occurs in volcanic rocks and arises partly from the radioactive decay of excess Ra (half-life 1,602 years). A sample from Mount Vesuvius showed enrichment in Ra and so in Pb also. There is a high Pb activity in the mineral cotunnite (PbCl2) that occurs as a sublimate in fumaroles around the volcano and its lead probably comes fi om the volcanization of basalts. Lead-210 activity in volcanic rocks increases through the radioactive decay of excess Ra so that deviations in the ( Pb/ U) activity ratios cannot just be ascribed to elemental fractionation effects in the magma. In the oceans, Pb... 

Uydroolilorio acid ga% the only known compound of chlorine and hydrogen, occurs in the exhriaMons om active volcanoes, espeo y. in Vesuvius, and in the fumeroles on Heda. In aqueous solution, the arid has been fonnd in the waters of several of the South Amerioan rivers risit in the volcanic districts of the Andes. 

On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, a volcano in Washington State, empted, blowing out about 1 cubic kilometer of material. This massive blast spread ash over half the United States, causing about 1 billion in damages and killing an estimated 62 people, many of whom were never found. Many volcanic disasters have been recorded throughout history. Perhaps the best known of these is the 79 A.D. eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which buried the Roman city of Pompei with volcanic ash. 

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