Verongia species

Verongia species,and it seems probable that 3,5-dibromotyrosine is a precursor of all the Verongia metabolites. The central C4N2 and C5N2chains of (81a) and (81b) are considered to be derived from ornithine and lysine, respectively. In view of the facile photochemical conversion of (79) into (80), it has been suggested that the natural amide (82) is derived biogenetically via lactone... 

DDT (trace A) and its metabolites DDE and DDD (trace B), and traces F and G are the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures Arochlor 1242 (trace F) and Arochlor 1254 (trace G). As is illustrated, extracts of local Laurencia species (traces C and D), and the extract of a halogenating bacterium Chromobacterium sp. (trace E), contain compounds of similar retention time to DDT and its metabolites. Traces H and J were produced from extracts of Plocamium cartilagineum and Chondria californica, two locally abundant red algae, and trace I was produced from a species unidentified sponge of the genus Verongia. In this case mixtures of halogenated natural compounds fall within the limits of detectability of the PCBs. 

In an effort to compare the halogenated tyrosine derivatives from Desmospongiae Makarieva et al. (149) investigated 22 species of eleven Demospongiae families and identified 10 substances of this type in Aplysina (Verongia), Verongula, and Aiolochroia species. It has been shown that animals of the Aplysinidae family biosynthesize all three forms [(-I-), (—), (+) = racemate] of aeroplysinin-1 (233) and of an... 

Some sterols may be characteristic of certain orders, such as aplysterol B17 and the corresponding A24(28) sterol B18. Both have been isolated from species of the genus Aplysina (= Verongia) in the order Verongida. Another interesting observation relates to the family Suberitidae (order Hadromerida), in which many species are particularly rich in stanols, which constitute up to 95% of the total sterol fraction (Bamathan et al, 2000, 2004). Other chemotaxonomic relationships concern unconventional sterols and most are specific to demosponges (see below). 

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