Venous thrombosis immunoglobulin

Go RS, Call TG. Deep venous thrombosis of the arm after intravenous immunoglobulin infusion case report and literature review of intravenous immunoglobulin-related thrombotic complications. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 75(l) 83-5. 

Deep venous thrombosis occurred in a bed-bound patient, and acute renal failure in a patient with diabetic nephropathy after intravenous immunoglobulin [40 ]. 

Several cases of intravenous immunoglobulin-related thrombosis have been reported (78,79). It can be either venous or arterial (80). It has been suggested that thrombosis can be caused by platelet activation and increased plasma viscosity (79). In patients with vascular risk factors, such as old age, hypertension, and a history of stroke or coronary artery disease, complications, such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and acute spinal cord events, have been described (80). Intravenous immunoglobulin enhances platelet aggregation and the release of adenosine triphosphate in human platelets in vitro. In addition, there is a dose-related increase in plasma viscosity with increasing plasma immunoglobulin concentration (79,80). 

Venous and arterial thrombosis due to increased viscosity of the blood after infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin has been reported at a rate of 0.15-1.5% per treatment course this risk can be reduced by reducing the infusion rate [30 ]. 

Min J, Bhatt A, Aburashed R, Burton S. Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis associated with subcutaneous immunoglobulin injection and oral contraceptive use. Neurol Sci official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc CUn Neurophysiol June 2012 33(3) 627-9. 

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