Vector images

Figure 6.10 Construction and interpretation of a Patterson map. (a) Structure of unit cell containing three atoms. Two of the six interatomic vectors are shown, (h) Patterson map is constructed by moving all interatomic vectors to the origin. Patterson "atoms" (peaks in the contour map) occur at the head of each vector. (c) Complete Patterson map, containing all peaks from (b) in all unit cells. Peak at origin results from self-vectors. Image of original structure is present (origin and two darkened peaks) amid other peaks, (d) Trial solution of map (c).lf origin and Patterson atoms a and b were the image of the real unit cell, the interatomic vector a - b would produce a peak in the small box. Absence of the peak disproves this trial solution.

It should be noted that NMR studies are performed on proteins in their native solution state. Since the protein molecules are moving around in solution, the NMR technique measures scalar quantities (torsion angles and interproton distances) this is fundamentally different from x-ray crystallography in which the static crystal lattice allows a vector image of the molecule to be obtained. Since NMR studies are performed on proteins in solution, the technique can be used to probe intricate details of the dynamics of the protein. 

The tests were successful beyond our expectations. The master images and the vectorized Images were presented to neutral experts... 

Figure 4. Contiuuous tone bitmap image printed on p er (left), and vector image laser marked on white polyethylene card (right).

Figure 3. Various fill patterns for vector images.

Figure 5. Vector image YAG laser marked on black polyamide showing various line thicknesses and fill patterns.

Simulated section views of [211] lattice planes, (a) A (2 x 2] standard cubic unit cell of the gyroid structure with the minority phases removed, [b] A section perpendicular to the [211] lattice vector shows the characteristic "double wave" pattern. The [I il] direction runs parallel to the waves, [c] Simulated cross sections with the matrix phase bright and voids left by removal of the minority phase black. Each section has a thickness of 5% of the repeat distance along [211] and is taken at a height z [as a fraction of the total lattice vector]. Images [a] and [b] are reproduced with permission from Ref. [65],... 

Figure 4.7 (A) Average relative deviation (in %) between two independent time-averaged vector images over a certain number of data fiies as a function of that number and (B) average relative deviation (in %) between two independent time-averaged bubble size data files as a function of the number of bubbies encountered in that series on a doubie iogarithmic scaie. Reprinted from De Jong et al. (2011) with permission from Elsevier.

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