Varicose breakup

Rayleigh Jet Breakup (Varicose Breakup) Surface Tension Force We <0.4 or We <1.2 + 3.41Oh0... 

Figure 3.2. Breakup regimes of round liquid jets in quiescent air. I Rayleigh Jet Breakup (Varicose Breakup) II First Wind-Induced Breakup (Sinuous Wave Breakup) III Second Wind-Induced Breakup (Wave-like Breakup with Air Friction) IV Atomization.

In the Rayleigh or varicose breakup regime, the Duifie and Marshall equation (40), which is based on experimental data, predicts... 

Surface tension is also responsible for the varicose or Rayleigh breakup of Hquid strands into droplets. By virtue of surface tension the pressure within a strand is slightly higher than that in the ambient gas by the amount ... 

Linear stability theories have also been applied to analyses of liquid sheet breakup processes. The capillary instability of thin liquid sheets was first studied by Squire[258] who showed that instability and breakup of a liquid sheet are caused by the growth of sinuous waves, i.e., sideways deflections of the sheet centerline. For a low viscosity liquid sheet, Fraser et al.[73] derived an expression for the wavelength of the dominant unstable wave. A similar formulation was derived by Li[539] who considered both sinuous and varicose instabilities. Clark and DombrowskF540 and Reitz and Diwakar13161 formulated equations for liquid sheet breakup length. 

The breakup of a cylindrical thread at rest has been studied [142,145,151]. A varicosity of wavelength A, (Fig. 1.14) at the surface of a liquid cylinder immersed in another liquid will be amplified if its development causes a decrease of the interfacial area. Such a condition is satisfied if A is larger than 2jtrc, tc being the radius... 

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