Variation with liquid

A. Iwama K. Yamazaki, Effect of Some Parameters on the Ignition Delay of Hyper-golic Bipropellants. I. The Variation With Liquid Temperature, Oxidant Concentration, Subatmos-pheric Pressure and Fuel Composition , KKZ 63, 1879-83 (1960) CA 57, 1140(1962)... 

Figure 25 displays the anisotropic effective oxygen diffusivity variations with liquid water saturation in the GDL based on the evaluated pore blockage correlations. Furthermore, the impact of GDL compression on the pore blockage effect was also investigated.67... 

Fig. 2.9 Droplet size variation with liquid feed rate, viscosity, and frequency.

This variation with liquid rate is similar to the effect on the mass transfer coefficient in absorption operations. 

Figure 9-45. Liquid hoid-up variation of surface tension exponent with liquid rate. Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jesser, B. W., and Elgin, J. C. Trans. A.I.Ch.E. V. 39, No. 3 (1943) p. 295 all rights reserved.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram for the variation with concentration of the partial molar heat of solution of the liquid noble metals into liquid tin, taken from reference 51. The numbers are the experimental and calculated AHt for the solutes, in cal/g atom, at the two concentrations of 0 and 0.02 mole fraction. Q-C labels the curves calculated by the quasichemical theory in first order B-W labels the curves calculated by the Bragg-Williams, or zeroth-order approximation, which assumes a random...

Tables 23-26 show the variation with temperature of some relevant physical properties of liquid sodium.

The procedure is modified for the reaction of preformed cyanohydrins with chiral amines39. I11 a further variation, Schiff bases of aliphatic aldehydes with optically active 1-arylalkyl-amines are transformed with liquid hydrogen cyanide to the corresponding a-aminonitrilcs, which, after acid hydrolysis, give the /V-aryUilkylamino acids. Hydrogenation then yields the a-amino acids40 41. 

Schiesser and Lapidus (S3), in later studies, measured the liquid residencetime distribution for a column of 4-in. diameter and 4-ft height packed with spherical particles of varying porosity and nominal diameters of in. and in. The liquid medium was water, and as tracers sodium chloride or methyl orange were employed. The specific purposes of this study were to determine radial variations in liquid flow rate and to demonstrate how pore diffusivity and pore structure may be estimated and characterized on the basis of tracer experiments. Significant radial variations in flow rate were observed methods are discussed for separating the hydrodynamic and diffusional contributions to the residence-time curves. 

FIGURE 8.36 The composition of the vapor in equilibrium with a mixture of two volatile liquids (here, benzene and toluene) and its variation with the composition of the liquid. Note that the vapor is richer in benzene than the liquid mixture for each composition of the mixture. For instance, when the mole fraction of benzene is 0.133 in the liquid, in the vapor it is 0.619. 

Consider the binary batch distillation column, represented in Fig. 3.58, and based on that of Luyben (1973, 1990). The still contains Mb moles with liquid mole fraction composition xg. The liquid holdup on each plate n of the column is M with liquid composition x and a corresponding vapour phase composition y,. The liquid flow from plate to plate varies along the column with consequent variations in M . Overhead vapours are condensed in a total condenser and the condensate collected in a reflux drum with a liquid holdup volume Mg and liquid composition xq. From here part of the condensate is returned to the top plate of the column as reflux at the rate Lq and composition xq. Product is removed from the reflux drum at a composition xd and rate D which is controlled by a simple proportional controller acting on the reflux drum level and is proportional to Md-... 

The dipole moment of a molecule can be obtained from a measurement of the variation with temperature of the dielectric constant of a pure liquid or gaseous substance. In an electric field, as between the electrostatically charged plates of a capacitor, polar molecules tend to orient themselves, each one pointing its positive end toward the negative plate and its negative end toward the positive plate. This orientation of the molecules partially neutralizes the applied field and thus increases the capacity of the capacitor, an effect described by saying that the substance has a dielectric constant greater than unity (80 for liquid water at 20°C). The dipole moments of some simple molecules can also be determined very accurately by microwave spectroscopy. 

The areas where the use of the track model has been found particularly expedient are (1) LET variation of product yields in the radiation chemistry of liquids (2) the yield of escaped ions and its variation with particle LET (3) energy loss in primary excitations and ionizations (4) radiation-induced luminescence and (5) particle identification. 

Discuss the variation of the index n with flow conditions, indicating why this is independent of the Reynolds number Re with respect to the particle at very low and very high values of Re. When are appreciable deviations from this relation observed with liquid... 

In trans 2-butene, the chemical shift variations are almost identical, which could correspond to a general intermolecular interaction. However, if the comparison is made with liquid trans 2-butene, specific interactions are clearly shown again by the greater change in the methinic C carbon atom. 

Linewidths Figure 1 shows the variation with temperature of the l C-NMR spectrum of 1-butene adsorbed on NaGeX zeolite at a surface coverage of 0= 0.5 while Table II reports the linewidth (AH at half intensity) variations for gaseous, liquid and adsorbed 1-and trans 2-butene molecules. 

Figure 12.7. Variation of liquid-film coefficient with liquid flow for the absorption of oxygen in water...

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