Windows, vacuum

Beta particles at the deposition point passed through the Mylar tape and a 0.0075 cm thick A1 vacuum window and were counted with a 450 mm2 totally depleted surface barrier Si detector 1000 Mm thick. The geometric solid angle for a point source under these conditions was estimated to be 17, however, the measured efficiency was about 14. ... 

In the vacuum windows there is no conduction except through the spacers between the panes. There is also no reason to use a thick vacuum layer the panes need to be only so far apart that they never touch due to bending. The transport due to radiation is the same as for gas-filled windows. However, it can be decreased by infrared-reflecting layers on the window. This can reduce heat transfer by an order of magnitude - at least in principle. Because the panes are cormected via the spacers, they can be chosen thinner, leading to a lighter window constmction. 

Vacuum window Phosphor Fibre-optic taper CCD chip Electonics Cooling block... 

Figure 6.3 The Mark II cavity spectrometer viewed through its Perspex cover. The spatial filter is visible in the centre of the case. The translation stage and piezoelectric actuator are seen in the foreground and operate via the bellows to move the near mirror. The coupling iris is in the centre of the far mirror. The waveguide couplings holding the mica vacuum windows can be seen either side of the case in the background. Sample inlet is on the left wall of the case not visible and outlet is on the right via the pressure sensor...

The beam diameter from RRC is first collimated to 7 mm in diameter with a four-sector Ta slit. Then, the beam passes through a HAVAR vacuum window of 6 pm thickness and enters 30 multiple targets, each of approximately 1 pm thickness with 10 mm spacing in the front chamber. The recoil nuclei are stopped in helium gas and attached to aerosols such as potassium chloride and carbon. The gas and activity-laden aerosol particles are sucked through... 

Fig. 4 Left-hand side cartoon of the water-cooled collimator-target-recoil chamber-beam stop assembly as used for experiments described in [41-43] (red arrow—incoming beam). Right-hand side Results of a finite element calculation of the thermal load in the Ti vacuum window...

Fig. 22 The Mg-beam (1) passed through the rotating vacuum window and Cm-target (2) assembly. In the fusion reaction nuclei were formed which recoiled out of the target into...

Quartz vacuum windows allow UV radiation, which that may cause eye damage, to... 

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