V sequence

This figure presents only the so-called internal events. Not included are the "V" sequences (valve rupture that bypasses containment), earthquake, fire, Hood, tornado and air crash,... 

PHI is the ratio of any two sequential numbers in the Fibonacci (V sequence. If you take the numbers 0 and 1, then create each subsequent number in the sequence by adding the previous two numbers, you get the Fibonacci sequence. For example, 0, 1,1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. Ifyou sum the squares of any series of Fibonacci numbers, they will equal the last Fibonacci number used in the series times (10) the next Fibonacci number. This property results in the Fibonacci spiral seen in everything from seashells to galaxies, and is written mathematically as l2 + l2 + 22 + 32 + 52 = 5 x 8. 

Musoke, A.J. and Williams, J.F. (1975) The immunological response of the rat to infection with Taenia taeniaeformis. V. Sequence of appearance of protective immunoglobulins and the mechanism of action of 7Sy2a antibodies. Immunology 29, 855-866. 

Tomlinson IM, Williams SC, Corbett SJ, Cox JPL, Winter G, BASE V, Sequence Directory, Cambridge, UK. MRC Centre for Protein Engineering,... 

There is another sequence of point positions of potential use, the S V sequence, discussed in Chap. 7, page 108. This sequence is described by the recursion... 

V. SEQUENCE-REGULATED OLIGOMERS AND POLYMERS A. General Methodology and Scope... 

A similar reaction (see equation 27) has been reported for hexacarbonylvanadium(O). By these reactions, the tetracarbonylcobaltate(-I) and the hexacarbonylvanadate(-I) anions are generated. The crystal and molecular structure of the product of the disproportionation reaction of V(CO)6 with tetrahydrofuran of formula [V(THF)4][V(CO)6]2 has been shown to consist of vanadium(II) octahedrally surrounded by four thf s in the equatorial positions and by two axial carbonyl oxygens from two hexacarbonylvanadate anions resulting in a linear V-O-C-V sequence see Isocarbonyl Complexes). 

Example 10.6.1 illustrates a powerful theorem due to Metropolis et al. (1973), They considered all unimodal maps of the form x , =rflx,), where f(x) also satisfies /(0) = /(l) = 0. (Forthe precise conditions, see their original paper.) Metropolis et al. proved that as r is varied, the order in which stable periodic solutions appear is independent of the unimodal map being iterated. That is, the periodic attractors always occur in the same sequence, now called the universal or V-sequence. This amazing result implies that the algebraic form of /(%) is irrelevant only its overall shape matters. 

As noted above, Zeelon et al. [76] have estimated the germline VK repertoire to be one to two thousand genes, and Livant et al. [73] have estimated the germline VH repertoire to consist of 1000 or more genes. These higher estimates, if accurate, raise the possibility that the expressed V genes represent a fraction of the potential germline pool of V sequences. 

In differentiation of one antibody-forming clone of cells, a gene rearrangement links one of the approximately 300 V sequences with one of the 4 J sequences. All of the DNA that lies between these two spliced sequences is deleted in this rearrangement and disappears from all progeny of this cell line. Any upstream V sequences (on the 5 side, to the left in Figure 25.32) and downstream J sequences (on the 3 side, to the right) remain in these cells but are not used in antibody synthesis. 

Additional diversity is provided by the way in which the V and J sequences recombine. The cutting and splicing can occur within the terminal trinucleotide sequences of V and J in any way that yields one trinucleotide sequence in the spliced product (Figure 25.33). This increases the total number of different light chain sequences by about 2.5 (the average number of different amino acids encoded by four random triplets). Thus, the total number of possible light chain sequences that can be formed from 300 V sequences and 4 J sequences is about 3000 (300 X 4 X 2.5). 

Related DNA sequences are found to the 3 side of each V sequence and to the 5 side of each J sequence, and they represent recognition sites for the enzymes involved in the joining reaction. Those sequences, which are called recognition signal sequences, are as follows ... 

Racombin ition with excision of ON A bai iveon a V sequence and a J saqi.ianca to lorm one man.ire. light chain gene... 

Kassarjian, M. P., Newnham, R. E., and Biggers, J. V., Sequence of reactions during calcining of a lead-iron niobate dielectric ceramic. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 64, 1108 (1985). 

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