V- acrylamide

Acrylamide solution Serva Acrylamide 4X solution (Serva Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) corresponding to a 40% (w/v) acrylamide solution. Store at 4°C. 

Polyacrylamide-Easigel polyacrylamide gel mixture 6% w/v acrylamide, 0.3% w/v bisacrylamide, 7 M urea, IX TBE, ratio 19.1 (Scotlab, Coatbridge, Scotland). 

SDS-PAGE with 7.5 M urea and a 16-22% (w/v) acrylamide gradient was performed as described in [1,23. Separated proteins were trans-blotted to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and low-molecular-mass proteins were identified with a protein sequencer (model 477A, Applied Biosystems). 

Chlorosomes were isolated as in [6], measurements were performed in 20 mM Tris pH 8.0. For LD measurements chlorosomes were oriented by embedding them in a (15% w/v, acrylamide N,N-methylenebisacrylamide = 29 1) poly- acrylamide gel, and subsequently compressing the gel with a compression factor of 1.25 [7]. Absorbance spectra were recorded on a Cary 219 spectrophotometer, CD and LD spectra were recorded on a homebuilt spectrophotometer that will be described elsewhere. 

Together with the samples, a labeled size marker should be also loaded. Refer to Note 14 for preparation of a size marker. Heat the samples at 100 °C for 5 min, chill on ice, and load 3 pL on a 50% (w/v) urea, IX TBE, 5% (w/v) acrylamide bis-acrylamide (29 1), 50 cm long, 0.4-mm thick gel (see Note 15). Run at 55-60 W constant power until the xylene cyanol (the slowest migrating dye) band is about 5 cm from the bottom. In this gel percentage, xylene cyanol comigrates with DNA fragments of approx 160 bases. 

Acrylamide Solution Liqui-Gel 19 1 (ICN Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA), a premade 40% w/v acrylamide solution consisting of UltraPure Acrylamide (38%) and w-acrylamide (2%) in deionized water. 

For the purposes of this chapter, acrylic polymers are defined as polymers based on acrylic acid and its homologues and their derivatives. The principal commercial polymers in this class are based on acrylic acid itself (I) and methacrylic acid (II) esters of acrylic acid (III) and of methacrylic acid (IV) acrylonitrile (V) acrylamide (VI) and copolymers of these compounds. Copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethylene are described in Chapter 2. The important styrene-acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers are discussed in Chapter 3 whilst acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers are dealt with in Chapter 18. 

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