Utah twist

The first such model put forth was the Utah twist [21], named after the institution where it was developed. It was documented through detailed molecular mechanics calculations on an array of C22H46 molecules of orthorhombic crystal structure and compared to the previously suggested models. The main reservations against the previous models, primarily from relaxation studies, were summarized as follows. Point defect mechanisms assume an equilibrium or induced number of stable defects that are thermally activated to give rise to various motions. It was shown by NMR however, that all the crystalline chains participate and not just a small number of defective segments. 

The soliton solution gives the values of 0j which describes a twist in the chain which, in the absence of friction, propagates keeping the same shape and velocity v. The Utah-twist (twiston) is then approximated to a solitonic wave whose velocity of propagation is estimated by Mansfield (using some molecular parameters) to be... 

Leaves yellow and mottled stalks twisted plant dwarfed. Cause Celery mosaic. Destroy infected plants. Control aphids because they can spread viral diseases as they feed. Prevent problems by planting resistant cultivars such as Florida 683 and Utah-52-70R Improved . 

Erect to prostrate evergreen shrub, 1-3 m high resinous, distinctively aromatic leaves, lanceolate to curved, 18 mm long, 8.5 mm wide flowers solitary in axils, yellow, five-petaled, twisted or propeller-hke 2.5 cm wide dominant shrub of desert scrub in much of the arid western United States (southwest Utah to... 

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