Uskokovic, Milan

Submitted by John J. Partridge, Naresh K. Chadha, and Milan R. Uskokovic. Checked by Ba1 Dong-lu and Clayton H. Heathcock. 

Additional pressure to find new sources arose during World War 2, when the cinchona plantations of Indonesia were no longer accessible. A synthetic route was finally devised in 1944 by William von Egg-ers Doering and Robert Woodward at Harvard. Improved approaches were devised by Milan Uskokovic s team at Hoffmann-La Roche in the USA (in 1970) and Gilbert Stork at Columbia University (in 2001), but none of these intricate and therefore uneconomical syntheses has replaced the natural source. Perhaps the reactions you have encountered in the preceding sections will inspire you to find a simple, economical procedure that, in common with so many other chemical... 

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