User innovation and related phenomena

Thus the definition of users comprises both intermediate users (such as firm employees, scientists, surgeons] and end users (users of consumer goods) (Bogers et aL 2010). With respect to the first group, researchers have presented both evidence of product and process Innovation. 

Lately researchers have also taken innovation of end users or consumers into consideration. Product innovation by users has been shown to be especially proliflc in the field of sporting devices such as kiteboarding [Franke et al. 2006 Tietz et al. 2005), 

Schweisfurth, Embedded Lead Users inside the Firm, Forschungs-ZEntwicklungs-/ Innovations-Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-00066-0 2, 

mountaineering [Fauchart and Gruber 2011 Harrison and Corley 2011 Liithje 2004), rodeo kayaking [Baldwin et al. 2006 Hienerth 2006 Hyysalo 2009), and sailing [Raasch et al. 2008). Yet there exist also examples from other consumer products fields such as music devices/software [Faulkner and Runde 2009 Jeppesen and Frederlksen 

toys Qanzik 2010), and juvenile products [Shah and Tripsas 2007). 

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