Urinary solids types

There are essentially three types of urinary solids precipitate (amorphous material), crystals, and calculi. The distinction between crystals and calculi, especially in... 

The critical factor leading to the formation of urinary solids is the solubUity of the substance in the urine. However, this can be influenced by several factors normally present in the urine which can vary considerably, not only between species but also within a given animal or human based on variations in food and water consumption, type of diet, hydration, and alterations in metabolism (Cohen 1995,1998 McPherson et al. 2006 Pearle and Lotan 2007). 

Moreover, the types of tumors associated wifii bacterial cystitis and calculi, as well as with other infectious inflammatory processes in the bladdm, such as schistosomiasis, frequently are squamous cell carcinomas, in contrast to the usual transitional (urothelial) ceU carcinomas that occur in the bladdm (Oyasu 1995). In rodents, the tumors associated with urinary tract solids are for the most part transitional (mothelial) cell tumors rather than squamous ceU proliferations. 

The high urinary concentrations of NTA required to Inhibit solid phase formation at the alkaline pH associated with the clinical circumstances for this type of stone formation renders the potential applicability of NTA of uncertain value. 

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