Urinary Congenital anomalies

Data from various studies in 1255 patients exposed to carbamazepine have been analysed to evaluate its potential teratogenicity (73). There was an increased rate of congenital anomalies, mainly neural tube defects, cardiovascular and urinary tract anomalies, and cleft palate. The combination of carbamazepine with other antiepileptic drugs was more teratogenic than carbamazepine monotherapy. Because this study was retrospective, the conclusions should not be seen as definitive. 

Patients normally present in the neonatal period or in infancy and there is a male-to-female ratio of 1 2. The patient may present with constipation, with obstruction if the cyst is of large size, or may present with bleeding if the cyst communicates with the normal gut lumen, and if there is ulceration of gastric mucosa within the duplication cyst. Duplication cysts may be associated with recto-genital or recto-urinary fistula, duplication of the internal or external genitalia, vertebral anomalies and multi-system congenital anomaly complexes. Female patients... 

Pope JC 4th, Brock JW 3rd, Adams MC, Stephens FD, Ichikawa I (1999) How they begin and how they end classic and new theories for the development and deterioration of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, cakut. J Am Soc Nephrol 10 2018-2028... 

Congenital anomalies may involve any level of the collecting system the most usual presentation is urinary tract dilatation that may already be detected during fetal life. The role of imaging is to determine the origin of the dilatation, i.e., obstructive versus non-obstructive (Table 5.1 lists the causes of urinary tract dilatation). Other useful information includes the level of the obstruction and its impact on renal function. All these data are important in order to determine the best therapeutic approach. 

In the evaluation of miillerian duct anomalies in neonates and adolescent girls, sonography is the most useful first-step examination technique. In all patients with congenital malformations of the inner genitalia, the urinary tract needs to be evaluated. 

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