Ureteral diversion

The normal downhill flow of urine from the kidney towards the bladder is one of the mechanisms preventing VUR. In case of diversion, renal transplant, or partial nephroureterectomy, urine may reflux from the bladder into the ureteral stump (Teele et al. 1976 Cain et al. 1998). It is best visualized on VCU, but the condition may be identified on US (Fig. 11.22). In most cases, no further complication occurs. Rarely, suprainfection may occur, and in such cases the stump may have to be removed. 

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