Upstream processing overview

This chapter aims to overview the manufacturing process of therapeutic proteins. It concerns itself with two major themes (1) sources of biopharmaceuticals and (2) upstream processing. The additional elements of biopharmaceutical manufacturing, i.e. downstream processing and product analysis, are discussed in Chapters 6 and 7 respectively. 

Table 21.4 gives an overview of the materials used for SOFC fabrication. The third and fourth columns refer to the raw material and the upstream processes, preparing the final product/material from the raw material. 

FIGURE 6.3 An overview of gene expression. A gene is typically regulated by an upstream promoter through the action of transcription factors, resulting in the synthesis of an mRNA from the DNA template in a process known as transcription. This mRNA will later on get translated into a protein through the action of ribosomes. 

---