Unsaturated coupling agent

Silane coupling agents are generally synthesized through addition of silicon hydrides to unsaturated organic molecules ... 

Suzuki, Y., Maekawa, Z., Hamada, H., Yokoyama, A. and Sugihara, T. (1993). Influence of silane coupling agents on interlaminar fracture in glass fiber fabric reinforced unsaturated polyester laminates. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 1725-1723. 

In 1960 there were three commercial coupling agents a methacrylate-chrome complex (Volan ), vinyltriethoxysilane, and aminopropyltriethoxysilane. There was little evidence that Volan or vinyl silanes on glass actually copolymetized with unsaturated resins in composites. It was even more difficult to explain how Volan was almost as good as aminopropylsilanes in epoxy composites. There... 

FIGURE 13.12 Raman spectra of unsaturated silane coupling agent (A), silane—PDMS adduct (B), and the adduct after treatment at 350°C for 0.5 min (C). 

Figure 15.44. Coupling agent effect on mechanical performance of unsaturated polyester filled with quartz. [Adapted, by permission, from Kominar V, Narkis M, Siegmann A, Breuer O, Sci. Engng. Composite Materials, 3, No.l, 1994, 61-6.]...

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