Universal calibration, description

Ideally, the particles should not interact with the stationary phase in SEC. In reality, however, electrostatic interaction and adsorption exist and have to be appropriately considered. Indeed, as these kinds of interactions are material-specific it is difihcult to find a universal analytical description or an appropriate way of calibration. For that reason, it is highly recommended to supplement the classical SEC set-up with a particle sizing technique (e.g. DLS, Yamaguchi et al. 2006). 

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