Units examples

Hard conversion resized package dimensions to told tke nearest acceptable metric unit. Example 50-lL (22.7-kg) miiltiwall paper Lag changed to bold 25 kg (55.1 lb). Size can be limited by tbe maximiim-size package available. 

Equipment Constraints These are the physical constraints for individual pieces of eqiiipment within a unit. Examples of these are flooding and weeping limits in distillation towers, specific pump curves, neat exchanger areas and configurations, and reactor volume limits. Equipment constraints may be imposed when the operation of two pieces of equipment within the unit work together to maintain safety, efficiency, or quahty. An example of this is the temperature constraint imposed on reactors beyond which heat removal is less than heat generation, leading to the potential of a runaway. While this temperature could be interpreted as a process constraint, it is due to the equipment limitations that the temperature is set. 

Benzene derivatives. Tbe nomenclature is a combination of the lUPAC system and traditional names. Many of the derivatives are named by the substituent group appearing as the prefbt. These may be considered a subclass of the aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon family, which contains both aliphatic and aromatic units in its structures. Thus, alkylbenzenes are made up of a benzene ring and alkane units alkenylbenzenes are Composed of a benzene ring and alkene units and alkynylbenzenes comprise a benzene ring and alkyne units. Examples of alkylbenzenes include... 

Often, the main cause of catalyst losses is a change in the mechanical condition of the unit. Examples are ... 

Examples polyethylene nylon. See also copolymer. polynucleotide A polymer built from nucleotide units. Examples DNA RNA. 

Disaccharides are condensation products of two monosaccharide units. Examples are maltose and sucrose. 

Polysaccharides are condensation products of more than ten monosaccharide units examples are the starches and dextrins, which may be linear or branched polymers. Polysaccharides are sometimes classified as hexosans or pentosans, depending upon the identity of the constituent monosaccharides. 

When we calculate a percent yield, the amounts can be expressed in either moles or mass, provided both the actual and theoretical amounts are in the same units. Example shows how to use Equation. ... 

Knowing the functions (26) and(27) it is possible by means of the formalism of the theory of Markovian processes [53] to find any statistical characteristic in an ensemble of macromolecules with labeled units. A subsequent label erasing procedure is carried out by integration of the obtained expressions over time of the formation of monomeric units. Examples of the application of this algorithm are reported elsewhere [25]. 

Fig. 26. A fluidized catalytic cracking unit example of combining numeric-symbolic and symbolic-symbolic interpretation (Ramesh et at., 1992).

Some everyday units are recognized by the system although they themselves are not true SI units. Examples include the litre (10-3 m3), the minute (60 s), and the bar (105 Pa). One litre is the volume occupied by 1 kg of water but was redefined in the 1960s as being equal to 1000 cm3. 

Si Ratio Silicon-Oxygen Groups Structural Units Examples... 

Type of terpenoids Number of carbon atoms Number of isoprene units Example... 

Preservative agents are added to injectable preparations when multiple dosing is expected out of the same unit. Examples of preservatives used in injectable preparations include phenol, benzyl alcohol, methyl and ethyl parabens, and benzalkonium... 

The equilibrium curve also can be transformed into these coordinates. These transformations are useful for graphical determinations of numbers of theoretical trays rather than for determination of numbers of transfer units. Example 13.13 employs both sets of units. 

It is frequently required to examine the combined performance of two or more processes in series, e.g. two systems or capacities, each described by a transfer function in the form of equations 7.19 or 7.26. Such multicapacity processes do not necessarily have to consist of more than one physical unit. Examples of the latter are a protected thermocouple junction where the time constant for heat transfer across the sheath material surrounding the junction is significant, or a distillation column in which each tray can be assumed to act as a separate capacity with respect to liquid flow and thermal energy. 

The kinds of atoms which are not present in nature as simple atoms have found allies with which to form larger units. Examples of these are sulphur which consists of shells of eight sulphur atoms and diamond which is in fact an accumulation of interlinked carbon atoms. 

Fig. 3 Examples of LC with fluorinated core units (examples selected from [59] and [60])...

Methods based on classical organic chemistry led to the conclusion, already by 1940, that lignin is built up of phenylpropane units. Examples of typical reactions used in these studies are illustrated in Fig. 4-1. However, the concept of a phenylpropanoid structure failed to win unanimous acceptance, and as late as 30 years ago, some scientists were not convinced that lignin in its native state was an aromatic substance. Finally, the problem was solved by Lange in 1954, who applied UV microscopy at various wavelengths directly on thin wood sections, obtaining spectra typical of aromatic compounds. 

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