Unification of Acid-Base and Redox Concepts

It has been noted by Usanovich (1939) that properties of bases and acids are in a sense parallel to those of reducing and oxidizing agents. In clear cases, it is possible to show that one can formulate an oxidation/rednction reaction as a total transfer of one or more electrons (commonly with such reactions in aqneons solntion) or of an atom, and an acid-base reaction as a transfer of an ion. In some circnmstances, the distinction may be difficult to define. The acqnisition of a fonrth oxygen atom by sulfite looks very much like a Lewis neutralization  

The following reactions, carried out in water, have equilibrium constants greater than unity. Identify the acid species involved and sort as many of them as possible into descending order of strength  

2 When we write for ethanoic acid in water at 25°C, p/f =4.77, what scale are we implicitly using for the activity of water  

3 For the weak acid, hydrogen phthalate ion HA , in aqueous solution, the dissociation constant may be written as 

SO the extended Debye-Hiickel equation (with a nod to Davies) for moderate ionic strengths suggests 

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