Underfloor heating

Fig. 4. Schematic plan of the closed-loop scheme to heat the Kongsberg Festsalen. The collector loop is installed in the main lift shaft, and the heat pump outside the Festsalen. The heat pump feeds an underfloor heating loop in the Festsalen and a water -air exchanger in the peripheral areas (after Hostvedt et al, 2002).

Building Solutions-Europe Building Solutions-North America Infrastructure Solutions-Nordic Underfloor Heating Co. Ltd. 

Underfloor heating cables installed in bathrooms or shower rooms must incorporate an earthed metallic sheath or be covered by an earthed metallic grid connected to the protective conductor of the supply circuit (lET Regulation 701.753). 

Antioxidants need to be permanent. In the rubber industry, the problem of antioxidant loss by various mechanisms such as volatility and blooming has been coimtered by encapsulation in silica. The use of antioxidants in water pipes and other pipework raises the possibility of antioxidant loss by extraction or hydrolysis. Many pipes have a design lifetime of between 25 and 50 years, but their actual lifetime depends on antioxidant permanence. Underfloor heating and solar-powered hot water systems raise the temperature. 

For hot water systems, (i.e., in underfloor heating systems and for hot water distribution), pipes are mainly polybutylene (PB), which can be used in systems with a continuous operating temperature of 82 °C and can survive short peak temperatures of up to about 110 °C, as well as crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) with improved creep resistances, that can withstand operating temperatures for the same range as PB. The heat dispersion is optimised by these plastic piping systems by using the heat storing capacity of the floor. 

For insulation of floors in addition to heat insulation, a certain degree of sound insulation must also be considered, which is usually done by means of a floating floor cover laying over an intermediate layer of elastified foamed boards, covered with a layer of PE film. Underfloor heating in houses, with an insulation layer below the underfloor heating, is usually combined with impact-noise insulations. Over hot (steam transfer) pipes, usually XLPE foams are used. 

Principal applications for PEX and tubing are for underfloor heating systems, melting of ice and snow, and hot-cold water piping. 

Lina, K. Zhang, Y. Xua, X. Dia, H. Yang, R. Qina, P., 2005, Experimental study of underfloor electric heating system with shape-stabilized PCM plates, Energy and Buildings 37 215-220. 

Compressed Intermediate or medium density fiberboard (includes laminated paperboards and homogeneous boards) 0.40-0.80 25-50 Structural use and heat insulation as sheathing base for plaster and siding, interior paneling, containers, underflooring... 

Mechanical. Manholes, isolation facilities, vents, drains, cleanout/ steamout facilities, and access all acceptable for entry and maintenance correct interface for agitators, etc. correct shape and finish for internal lining system (if any) correct configuration and types of clip for refractory and insulation (for all vessels requiring them, but especially for heat-treated vessels) provision for in-line inspection (tell-tales, underfloor drainage) when needed transport... 

Low heat capacity exhaust pipe Pd close-coupled catalyst on 1200 cpsi Underfloor catalysts, TWC and HC trap hybrid catalyst Two secondary HEGO sensor... 

Structural use and heat insulation as sheathing base for plaster and siding, interior panelling, containers, underflooring... 

Lin KP, Zhang YP, Xu X, Di HD, Yang R, CJin PH (2004) Modeling and simulation of underfloor electric heating system with shape-stabihzed PCM plates. Build Environ 39(12) 1427-... 

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