Ultraviolet absorption/desorption

Mark-Honwink eqnation Relates limiting viscosity number (LVN) to molecular weight LVN = KM . matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) MS in which the sample is placed in a matrix that contains a strong ultraviolet (LTV) absorber chosen to match the UV absorption of the laser, which allows the molecules to become volatilized with minimal fragmentation. 

The photochemical and thermal stabilities of Ru complexes have been investigated in detail [8,153-156]. For example, it has been reported that the NCS ligand of the N3 dye, cri-Ru(II)(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 (dcbpy = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid), is oxidized to produce a cyano group (—CN) under irradiation in methanol solution. It was measured by both ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [8,153]. In addition, the intensity of the infrared (IR) absorption peak attributed to the NCS ligand starts to decrease at 135°C, and decarboxylation of N3 dyes occurs at temperatures above 180°C [155]. Desorption of the dye from the 2 surface has been observed at temperatures above 200°C. 

In addition to the IR, Raman and LIBS methods previously discussed, a number of other laser-based methods for explosives detection have been developed over the years. The following section briefly describes the ultraviolet and visible (UV/vis) absorption spectra of EM and discusses the techniques of laser desorption (LD), PF with detection through resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) or laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), variations on the light ranging and detecting (LIDAR) method, and photoluminescence. Table 2 summarizes the LODs of several explosive-related compounds (ERC) and EM obtained by the techniques described in this section. 

TPR, Temperature-programmed reaction XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy IR, infrared spectroscopy H NMR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy UV-vis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ESR, electron spin resonance spectroscopy TPD, temperature-programmed desorption EXAFS, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Raman, Raman spectroscopy C NMR, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. 

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