Ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry UTDR

Acoustic wave transmission and reflection have been used extensively throughout the twentieth century for nondestmctive testing. In the latter part of the twentieth century ultrasound techniques were developed for the noninvasive imaging of fetuses and internal organs in the health-care industry. In 1995 the first application of ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) for characterizing membrane processes was reported (Bond et al., 1995). This chapter will provide an overview on the developments in applying UTDR for membrane and membrane process characterization. 

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