Types of Certifications

Start by understanding the various certifications you will encounter. 

Certified Financial Planner (CFP) This designation is awarded to anyone who passes a series of tests, has at least three years experience, an undergraduate degree, and has completed a curriculum of study outlined by the International Board of Standards and Practices of Certified Financial Planners. Fifteen hours of continuing education are required each year. 

Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) This certification is granted by the American College in Bryn Mawr, PA. There is a comprehensive course of study followed by 10 two-hour exams. The American College also grants a graduate degree in financial services. 

Accredited Personal Financial Specialist (APFS) This designation is issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Recipients must be Certified Public Accountants (CPA), then pass a one-day exam and have at least 750 hours of experience in personal financial planning in the three preceding 

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Only three countries, Tunisia, Uganda and Zimbabwe, do not issue a GMP certificate. The drug regulatory authorities in these three countries do conduct GMP inspections, but do not issue a specific document which indicates that a manufacturing plant has attained GMP standards. The MCAZ does, however, provide a GMP certificate at the manufacturer s request to facilitate international registration and export of products. In Malaysia, various types of certificates are issued GMP certificates Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product for export and Certificate of Free Sale for medical devices and cosmetic products. Cyprus has no clear criteria for issuing a GMP certificate instead. 

Finally, it should be recognized that different manufacturing and consulting firms use the term certification in many different ways. Task report conclusions forms represent a type of certification. Some find it useful to issue certifications for IQ, OQ, calibration results, and various stages of validation. 

These notified bodies have introduced a type of certificate without any legal status the component certificate, which is marked by a U following the certificate number. This document acts as a working instrument for a simpler handling of components like conductor bushings, terminal blocks or inspection windows. The notified body issuing such a component certificate herewith declares the conformity with the relevant Harmonized European Norm and the relevant type tests. Other notified bodies accept this document without asking for renewed type tests. In this way, components can be handled in a very efficient... 

Once a product has been imported, it should be entered into the company s import system, either as a commercial product or a research and development sample, designating which type of certification is required, and whether it is subject to TSCA but exempt from the PMN requirements. While the same positive certification applies whether or not the product is required to be on the Inventory, make sure the company s systems distinguish between products that can be imported for commercial purposes and products that cannot. This is important for ensuring compfiance with the PMN requirements. 

The required language for the different types of certifications is set out earlier in this chapter. While there is no specific recordkeeping requirement under TSCA 12(b), TSCA generally requires that records be kept for five years. ... 

Some type of certification process is essential for maintaining a consistent standard of quality. 

It is becoming increasingly necessary to demonsttate (or even certify) conformance to the requirements of lEC 61508. This has been driven by customer demands for certification coupled with suppliers aspirations those not to be left out of the trend. There are two types of certification ... 

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