Type I pheromones

Typical Type I pheromone components ( ) that exhibit a common functional group (hydroxyl, acetoxyl, or formyl group) at the terminal position are shown... 

Fig. 3A,B Double-bond positions of monoenyl components in Type I pheromones A counting from the functional group B counting from the terminal methyl group. See text for components with an odd numbered chain (C13, C15, and C17)...

Miscellaneous pheromone components, which are classified as neither Type I nor II, are listed in Table 4. Secondary alcohols with a C7 or C9 chain have been identified from some primitive species i.e., saturated and monoenyl alcohols from three species in Eriocraniidae (Eriocranioidea) [77,78] and dienyl alcohols from one species in Nepticulidae (Nepticuloidea) [79]. Their hydroxyl group is always located at the 2-position, and this is illustrated in the table with the abbreviation 2-OH in place of the OH which was used for the Type I pheromones. Furthermore, esters between a long chain acid and a rather small alcohol have been characterized from species in Tineoidea and Zygaenoidea. Phero-... 

Fig.8A,B Derivatization of Type I pheromones A Z7-12 OAc with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and mass spectra of the DMDS adduct B E5,Z7-12 OAc with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MTAD) and mass spectra of the MTAD adduct...

Thus, the majority of known lepidopteran pheromones are comprised of compounds that are between 10 and 23 carbons in length, with one or no polar functional groups. Within these broad limits, there are two major structural classes, each of which arises from different biosynthetic pathways. The first class, designated as Type I pheromones (Ando et al., 2004) consists primarily of alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates with unbranched carbon chains of 10-18 carbons, and with 0-3 double bonds. Unusual structures or functional groups, such as triple bonds, nitro groups, or esters other than acetates, are occasionally... 

In terms of the identification of new pheromones, one of the other most significant findings over the past decade has been the discovery of Type II pheromones in combination with Type I pheromones, and the numerous implications for the mechanisms involved in... 

Type I Pheromones with a Conjugated Diene System... 

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