Electron gas two-dimensional

Crommie M F, Lutz C P and Eigler D M 1993 Imaging standing waves in a two-dimensional electron gas Nature 363 524... 

K). T is the measurement temperature and Tq is the "degeneracy temperature," equal to kEo, where k is the Boltzmann constant. According to a two-dimensional electron gas model for graphitic carbons (see ref. 2a), is the energy "shift" from the Fermi level (Ep), to the top of the valence band. Small values of To ( <344 K) and consequently of Eq signify a more perfect graphite... 

If the surface of the metal can be described as a two-dimensional electron gas, where the calculated adsorption enthalpy will change linearly with 0. 

Fig. 3 A two-dimensional electron gas fabricated in the lab of David Goldhaber-Gordon by Ron Potok. These structures, from the realm of mesoscopic physics, can he tuned to provide many different sorts of transport structures, and their geometry is entirely controlled by fabrication. The red region is 3 pm long...

N.T. Link, Two-Dimensional Electron Gas FETs Microwave Applications M. Abe et al., Ultra-High-Speed HEMT Integrated Circuits... 

S. Hiyamizu, Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in III-V Compound Hetero-... 

In quantum wires formed in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by lateral confinement the Rashba spin-orbit interaction is not reduced to a pure ID Hamiltonian H[s = asopxaz. As was shown in Ref. [4] the presence of an inplane confinement potential qualitatively modifies the energy spectrum of the ID electrons so that a dispersion asymmetry appears. As a result the chiral symmetry is broken in quantum wires with Rashba coupling. Although the effect was shown [4] not to be numerically large, the breakdown of symmetry leads to qualitatively novel predictions. 

It is for this reason, that Temkin (351) introduced the idea of a surface electron gas. He suggested the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of the metal, which apparently behaves in complete independence of the normal three-dimensional electron gas. Accepting the same exclusion principles and statistic distribution for this separate two-dimensional electron gas as for the normal three-dimensional one, Temkin derives the following expression for AQ ... 

The Basis for Optical and Electronic Device Applications H. Morkog and H. Unlu, Factors Affecting the Performance of (Al,Ga)As/GaAs and (Al,Ga)As/InGaAs Modulation-Doped Field-Effect Transistors Microwave and Digital Applications N. T. Link, Two-Dimensional Electron Gas FETs Microwave Applications M. Abe etal., Ultra-High-Speed HEMT Integrated Circuits... 

The quantization of the Hall resistance in the FISDW phases is indeed very reminiscent of the quantum Hall effect in the two-dimensional electron gas [136]. There is, however, an important difference between these two phenomena. In both cases the quantization requires a reservoir of nonconducting electronic states. This reservoir is provided either by localized states in the gap between conducting Landau levels or by the electron-hole (spin modulation) condensate for the two-dimensional electron gas and the FISDW of organics, respectively. 

Because of the small transition frequencies, the SSE system is very delicate. Great care has to be taken to provide a cold environment. Since the Boltzmann constant, expressed in frequency, is given by ks = 21 GHz/K, the energy gap to the continuum is bridged easily at a temperature on the order of 10 K. This means that a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas localized in fpi x) can exist only at liquid helium temperatiures. This is one of the reasons why liquid helium is a preferred dielectric for SSE experiments. 

Nanocomposites in the form of superlattice structures have been fabricated with metallic, " semiconductor,and ceramic materials " " for semiconductor-based devices. " The material is abruptly modulated with respect to composition and/or structure. Semiconductor superlattice devices are usually multiple quantum structures, in which nanometer-scale layers of a lower band gap material such as GaAs are sandwiched between layers of a larger band gap material such as GaAlAs. " Quantum effects such as enhanced carrier mobility (two-dimensional electron gas) and bound states in the optical absorption spectrum, and nonlinear optical effects, such as intensity-dependent refractive indices, have been observed in nanomodulated semiconductor multiple quantum wells. " Examples of devices based on these structures include fast optical switches, high electron mobility transistors, and quantum well lasers. " Room-temperature electrochemical... 

Y. Kwon, D. M. Ceperley, and R. M. Martin (1994) Quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the Fermi-liquid parameters in the two-dimensional electron gas. Phys. Rev. B 50, pp. 1684-1694... 

Fig. 5) This figure shows a sketch of the investigated detector concept. An irradiated high mobility two-dimensional electron gas device is subjected to a constant magnetic field Bo, where Bo is chosen to correspond to a fixed point (marked as a dot on the top inset) of the resistance oscillations for incident radiation at a frequency f. The detector device function is realized by superimposing on the static magnetic field, a small time varying component, which has been shown here in blue. Then, a high harmonic, tuned band Terahertz sensor is realized by detecting the device resistance at a odd-harmonic multiple of the field modulation frequency, as the detector is illuminated by Terahertz radiation.

S. A. Studenikin et al.. Microwave radiation induced magneto-oscillations in the longitudinal and transverse resistance of a two-dimensional electron gas, Sol. St. Comm. 129, 341-345 (2004). 

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