Turbostratic char

Isotropic CVl matrix of CC-A21 exhibited the largest displacement (over 400nm) at the maximum load (Figure 3). The charred resin matrix with less organized turbostratic... 

Graphitization of Aliphatics. Chars are produced by the carbonization of aliphatic hydrocarbons (compounds with an open-ended chain) and of most polymers. They do not graphitize readily. Their turbostratic structure and the random arrangement of their crystallites (shown in Fig. 3.4 of Ch. 3) remain essentially unchanged, regardless ofthe temperature and duration of the heat-treatment. However, in some cases the graphitization of chars can be enhanced by a radiation treatment or by the presence of a metallic or mineral catalyst.1 1 The catalytic process involves the dissolution of carbon particles at the catalyst sites and the precipitation of greiphite. 

A type of crystalline structure where the basal planes have slipped sideways relative to each other, causing the spacing between planes to be greater than ideal. In a char turbostratic structure the carbon atoms will be aligned in layers. 

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