Tungsten Debye temperature

Adsorbates should have a marked influence on surface-atom vibrations, since they change the bonding environment with respect to that on the clean surface. The adsorption of oxygen on tungsten increases the surface Debye temperature with respect to the bulk value due to the stronger W—O bond as compared to the W—W bond. Studies of surface-atom vibrations in the presence of adsorbates provide information on the nature of the surface bond. 

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