Tubular-plate batteries curing

The tubular positive plate uses rigid, porous fiber glass tubes covered with a perforated plastic foil as the active material retainer (Fig. 2). Dry lead oxide, PbO, and red lead, Pb O, are typically shaken into the tubes which are threaded over the grid spines. The open end is then sealed by a polyethylene bar. Patents describe a procedure for making a type of tube for the tubular positive plate (90) and a method for filling tubular plates of lead—acid batteries (91). Tubular positive plates are pickled by soaking in a sulfate solution and are then cured. Some proceed directiy to formation and do not requite the curing procedure. 

FIGURE 3.1 Lead-acid battery electrode stmctures (a) flat and tubular plates (b) pasted flat electrode, in which the two grids on the left are made of carbon and lead, respectively. After the grid is pasted and cured, the electrode is formed as shown at right, ([a] From http //www.check thatcar.com/carfaq2.asp. [b] From A. Kirchev et al., J. Power Sources, 196(20), 8773-8788,2011.)... 

The production of tubular positive plates is in principle similar to that of pasted plates. A number of manufacturers use the same gray oxide as the basic filling substance. Sometimes the share or red lead or minium (Pb304) is increased above 25 or even to 100wt.%. The latter is more economic when the manufacturer runs his own minium plant then the expense of the chemical oxidation of lead oxide (PbO) to minium (Pb304) may be compensated by reduced formation cost. Furthermore, curing is not required, because of the high oxidation state, and the battery starts with full capacity when formed. 

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