Tube representation

FIGURE 1.16 Isomers of cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, (a) is-l,2-Dicarboxycyclopropane (trans isomers) (b) Z-l,2-Dicarboxycyclopropane isomer, (meso isomer) (c) Molecular models of E- (trans-) 1,2-dimethylcyclo-propane shown in the tube representation. Rotation of the right hand structure about a vertical axis through the center of the cyclopropane will superimpose the two methyl groups. The methylene of the rotated structure will be in the back, rather than the front, and not superimposed, (d) A mirror plane through the methylene and the back carbon-carbon bond is a plane of symmetry. The two carboxyl groups appear not to reflect each other in the model shown but they can rotate freely and will reflect each other on an instantaneous basis. 

Figure 3 A stereoview close-up of the acyltransfer site of the 30 S ribosome revealing the based flipping event that is experimented by A1492 and A1493 during a molecular dynamics simulation (see Reference 70). RNA backbone is shown in purple tube representation whereas bases are shown in capped sticks rendering.

Figure 6 2,6-Trip2C6H3TI complex. Thallium-phenyl core is shown in a ball-and-stick representation peripheral phenyl groups with a tube representation isopropyl groups in wire frame.

FIGURE 2.2 Different computational treatments of solute-solvent interactions, (a) Solvent treated as an ensemble of discrete molecules. In this case, solvent molecules (in tube representation) can be treated at MM level, whereas the solute (in ball-and-stick representation) is treated at QM level, (h) Treatment of the solvent as a dielectric continuum. The solute is modeled as a sphere of radius ao and dipole moment /a according to the Onsager model, (c) Same as (b) but the solute is in an ellipsoidal cavity defined by axes a, b, and c. (d) Treatment of the solute solvent interactions according to the polarization continuum model (PCM). 

FIGURE 10.18 Globular protein structures—twisted tube representation. Wider parts of tube contain a-helices and narrower parts correspond approx to random coiled chains. Location of Fe-containing haeme groups in these very similar oxygen storage proteins is denoted by H. 

FIGURE 5.6 Four standard grid tube representations (a) triode, (b) tetrode, (c) pentode, (d) beam power, (e) cathode types. 

Although it is not clear from the drawing, disulfide bridges (Chapter 8, Scheme 8.105) exist between various cysteines (Cys, C). A tube representation of the top (from the perspective of Figure 12.8) of the dimeric enzyme is shown in Rgure 12.9... 

Figure 2. Guide tube representation showing heat transfer processes.

Scalogram applied to single detector signal allows notch localization along the main axis of the tube. However, no circonferential localization is possible so far. Of course, this objection can be bypassed by computing the scalogram simultaneously for the 16 detectors. But then the difficulty lies in the representation process, because of the need of real 3 dimensional representation. 

Figure B2.5.1. Schematic representation of a typical flow tube set-up with moveable detection. Adapted from [HO].

Figure B2.5.5. Schematic representation of a shock-tube apparatus. The diapliragm d separates the high-...

Figure C2.1.13. (a) Schematic representation of an entangled polymer melt, (b) Restriction of tire lateral motion of a particular chain by tire otlier chains. The entanglement points tliat restrict tire motion of a chain define a temporary tube along which tire chain reptates.

Figure 2-124. The most common molecular graphic representations of biological molecules (lysozyme) a) balls and sticks b) backbone c) cartoon (including the cylinder, ribbon, and tube model) and of inorganic molecules (YBajCujO , d) polyhedral (left) and the same molecule with balls and sticks (right),...

Fig. 17. Schematic representation of a commercial separation element tube manufactured by the Messerschmitt-Birlkow-Blohm Company, Munich. Terms...

Dispersion In tubes, and particiilarly in packed beds, the flow pattern is disturbed by eddies diose effect is taken into account by a dispersion coefficient in Fick s diffusion law. A PFR has a dispersion coefficient of 0 and a CSTR of oo. Some rough correlations of the Peclet number uL/D in terms of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers are Eqs. (23-47) to (23-49). There is also a relation between the Peclet number and the value of n of the RTD equation, Eq. (7-111). The dispersion model is sometimes said to be an adequate representation of a reaclor with a small deviation from phig ffow, without specifying the magnitude ol small. As a point of superiority to the RTD model, the dispersion model does have the empirical correlations that have been cited and can therefore be used for design purposes within the limits of those correlations. 

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of generation of tube (a, b). Note a>b. Hexagons with chiral vectors satisfying 2a + b = 3/V in condition 1 are shadowed.

Fig. 5. Schematic representation of the measured CNT films. The effective medium is the result of tubes dispersed in an insulating host (glassy graphite).

FIGURE 15.9 Residence time distribution for laminar flow in a circular tube (a) physical representation b) washout function. 

Schematic representation of an apparatus that measures the absorption spectrum of a gaseous element. The gas in the tube absorbs light at specific wavelengths, called lines, so the intensity of transmitted light is low at these particular wavelengths.

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