Tropical fruit woody

Essences of pink and white fresh guava obtained by direct extraction of flesh juices with dichloromethane revealed that the total amount of Cs aldehydes, alcohols, and acids comprised 20 and 44% of the essence of fresh white and pink guavas, respectively [49]. The flavour of the Costa Rican guava has been described as sweet with strong fruity, woody-spicy, and floral notes [53]. One hundred and seventy-three volatile compounds were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction. The terpenes and terpenic derivatives were found in this fruit in major concentrations and were strong contributors to tropical fruit notes (Fig. 8.1). The aliphatic esters contributed much to its typical flavour. 

II. Order Principles.—Palmew or Palm Family.—Tropical or subtropical shrubs, rarely trees, having unbranched trunks which are terminated by a crown of leaves, in the axils of which the flowers are produced. The leaves are well developed with pinnate or palmate blades and a fibrous sheathed clasping petiole. The flowers are small, of one or two sexes, and crowded on a spike or spadix, which is subtended by a large bract, or spathe which may become woody, as in the Cocoanut Palm. The perianth consists of 6 parts in 2 whorls (3 sepals and 3 petals) or it may be inconspicuous or absent. The stamens are 6 in number, rarely 3, inserted below the ovary. The ovary is superior, of 3 cells, with central placenta. The fruit is either a nut, with leathery epicarp, fibrous or cellular mesocarp and thin membranous endocarp, or a drupe (Cocoanut) with leathery epicarp, broadly fibrous mesocarp and stony endocarp, or a berry as in the Date Palm, Phoenix, with membranous epicarp, succulent mesocarp and soft succulent endocarp. The seeds are albuminous with the reserve food frequently in the form of hard cellulose (ivory-nut-palm). 

VI. Order Urticales.—Ulmacem or Elm Family.—Forest trees indigenous to the temperate and tropical zones, charcterized by being woody plants, with pinnately-veined leaves and caducous stipules and Avithout milky juice. Their flowers are unisexual or hermaphroditic with six or four parts to the perianth. Fruit a samara. 

Menispermacea, or Moonseed Family.—Choripetalous woody, climbing, tropical plants with alternate, exstipulate, simple often peltate leaves. Flowers green to white. Fruit a one-seeded succulent drupe. Seeds albuminous. They usually contain tonic, narcotic or poisonous bitter principles. 

Large evergreen tree up to about 20 m high fruit large (5-20 cm long) and fleshy, pyriform, ovate, or spherical, with a thin to thick sometimes woody skin native to tropical America (Mexico, Central America) widely cultivated. Parts used are the fruit and seed. 

Herbaceous trailing perennial flowers red in axils fruit with pointed and barbed woody grapples to 2.5 cm long occurring in steppes on red sand in south tropical Africa, especially in the Kalahari desert and in the Namibian steppes plus Madagascar. The secondary tuber, about 6 cm in diameter 20 cm long, is the part used. 

The fruit is a drupe with a hard, woody pericarp it is egg-shaped (up to 6 cm in diameter) and contains 3 broad, oval seeds of about 3 cm in length. For good productivity, at least 1000 mm of rainfall is needed annually as well as a eool, dry season as found in the tropics only at altitudes above 600 m. The fruits may be harvested from the trees or collected from the ground. The woody pericarp and the testas are removed mechanically or by hand, and the kernels are crushed and pressed to obtain the oil. The oil content is about 60% of the mature kernel weight. 

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