Trivalent energy diagram

Fig. 3. Partial energy diagrams of NIR-emitting trivalent lanthanide ions. Energies are for the aquo-ions (Camall...

Figure 2.14. The potential energy diagram of the lower states of trivalent chromium. At left the state energies vs. the position of the nuclei of the metal and the ligands. Arrows denote optical transitions a means absorption, / is fluorescence, p is phosphorescence (the dashed line is spin-forbidden). Laser function can also be represented in a diagram as shown on the right.

Figure 41.4 shows the energy diagram of trivalent RE-relevant transitions for LSCs. 

Figure 6.1 An energy-level diagram for trivalent lanthanide rare earth ions in lanthanum chloride (after Dieke, 1968).

Fig. 6. Complete 4f (left) and 4f 15d (right) energy level diagram for all trivalent RE ions.

Fig. 10. Complete 4f and 4f" 5d energy level diagram for all trivalent RE ions in YLF obtained by the first-principles relativistic Cl calculations. For each element, the compositions of the 41" configurations are shown on the left and those of 41 5d configurations are shown on the right, respectively. See text for further explanations.

Figure 11.6 Molecular orbital energy level diagrams computed for iron octahedrally coordinated to oxygen. Left divalent iron in the [Fe06]-1° cluster (based on Sherman, 1991) right trivalent iron in the [Fe06]-9 cluster (from Sherman, 1985a). Orbital energies have been scaled relative to zero for the non-bonding 6rlu level.

Fignre 9 shows the energy level diagrams of trivalent lanthanide ions in LaFs. Since the crystal field is a minor perturbation, the sequence of most levels does not depend on the host. 

Electronic configurations and spectral terms of ground state trivalent lanthanide ions are listed in Table 1.2. Figure 1.6 shows the energy level diagram for trivalent lanthanide ions. 

Figure 1.6 The energy level diagram for trivalent lanthanide ions [7]. (With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths, 1977, p. 93, R. Reisfeld, and C.K. Jorgensen, figure 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.)...

Fig. 3. Energy levels of eleven trivalent lanthanides below 43000 era-. The quantum number J is given to the right of each level, whereas the multiplicity (2S + 1) and L-value are only given to the left for such levels, where Russell-Saunders coupling is a good approximation. The black triangles give the levels most frequently found to fluoresce. The squares indicate levels to which transitions from the groundstate have pronounced pseudoquadrupolar hypersensitive character, and hence intensity in certain materials. The stippled lines indicate calculated positions of J-levels not yet identified. The diagram is taken from Ref.231...

Figure 23. A possible mechanism for energy transfer from Sm to Yb. This type of transition is common among trivalent REE due to similar state symmetry and transition energies. The heavy line in the Yb state diagram is the ultimate emission transition. Modified after Marfunin (1979).

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