Triterpenoid sapogenins

During the almost 20-years of research on Astragalus sapogenins and saponins, more than 40 species firom this genus have been studied and above 40 triterpenoid sapogenins and up to 130 saponins have been isolated and identified until now, and for some of them the biological activity has also been studied. 

Table (1) and Table (2), listed in alphabetic order, include the triterpenoid sapogenins and their glycosides (saponins), respectively, extracted fi om Astragalus spp., their structures and plant sources, covering a literature up to the beginning of2000. [146,147,219]... 

Fig. (30). Triterpenoid sapogenins from the acid hydrolyzate of Silene villosa.

Saponins are classified into two major groups based on the structure of the aglycones that are known collectively as sapogenins. Steroidal sapogenins usually contain 27 carbon atoms those of triterpenoid sapogenins contain 30. Approximately 360 sapogenins and 750 triterpene glycoside structures are known, but it is only recently that full structure... 

Fig. 24.2. Several triterpenoid sapogenins from the Fabaceae (modified from Applebaum and Birk, 1979 used with permission of the cop3oight owner. Academic Press, New York).

Hu, J.-R, Z.-L. Ye, and F.-J. Shen New Triterpenoidal Sapogenins from the Roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis. Yaoxue Xuebao (Acta Pharm. Sinica, China), 30, 27 (1995) Chem. Abstr., 123, 22884p (1995). 

Triterpenoid sapogenin obtained by hyd. of saponin from various species of Fchinoeystis. Cryst. from EtOH, Et O, AcOH or CCL. M.p. 305-12° decomp. [a]Sa, -f- 40-6° in EtOH. 

Saccharide Chain and the Substituted Groups of Triterpenoid Sapogenins. 3319... 

The absolute configuration of monosaccharides in saccharide chain and the substituted groups of triterpenoid sapogenins is difficult to determine. Chemical analyses combined with chiral chromatographic method have been used to ascertain... 

This chapter describes the different types of analytical methods in use for the analysis of triterpenoid saponins. HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry shows more merit than other analytical methods on selectivity, sensitivity, and resolution. The diversified HPLC-MS technique provides rich mass information to determine the type and sequence of monosaccharide in saccharide chain and structural type of some triterpenoid sapogenins. This technique is also of interest to develop the reliable and sensitive analytical method for minor triterpenoid saponins in complex matrix. However, due to the lack of standards, there are not many analytical methods for triterpenoid saponins in biological samples. Development of mass spectrometry-based method for triterpenoid saponins in biological samples is necessary to understand the effect and mechanism of triterpenoid saponins. 

The new triterpenoid sapogenin griseogenin of the sea cucumber has been identified as PP-hydroxyhalothurinogenin" (xv). 

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