Triple-cell culture

Yin L, Ding J, He C, Cui L, Tang C, et aL Dmg permeability and mucoadhesion properties of thio-lated trimethyl chitosan nanopaiticles in oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials. 2009 30 5691-700. Antunes F, Andrade F, Araujo F, Ferreira D, Sarmento B. Establishment of a triple co-culture in vitro cell models to study intestinal absorption of peptide dmgs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013 83 427-35. 

One of the problems is that compounds are not accumulated in cells but are released into the culture medium where they are lost, if volatile, or may interfere biologically with subsequent cell growth and division. This problem has been dealt within cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar) by Berlin and co-workers (4) by adding an insoluble solvent trap to collect terpenes and tropo-lones released into the medium. The yield of thujaplicins was nearly tripled over the duration of the fermentation by this technique. Nevertheless, the secondary metabolite generated by the Thuja cultures did not replicate what might be expected from any specific part of the tree. 

Raats J. M. and Hof D., Recombinant antibody expression vectors enabling double and triple immunostaining of tissue culture cells using monoclonal antibodies, Eur. J. Cell. 

Davis, W. P Janssen, I. M. W Mossman, B. T. Taatjes, D. J. Simultaneous triple fluorescence detection of mRNA localization, nuclear DNA, and apoptosis in cultured cells using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Histochem. Cell Biol. 1997, 108, 307-311. 

---