Trienes homogeneous catalysis

Indirect reductions are also permitted because species (radical anions and/or dianions) formed after homogeneous electron transfer are so basic that they are rapidly protonated by solvent or any acidic impurities. Thus, dienes and trienes like allocimene and dimethyl 2,3-butadiene may afford a redox catalysis processes [42] in dimethylforma-mide (DMF) in the presence of naphthalene as a mediator. 

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