Tributyltin oxide, determination

Tributyltin oxide and its metabolites were determined in urine after conversion to chlorides with HC1, extraction with ether containing tropolone (1), conversion to hydrides with NaBFLt, extraction with hexane and GC-AAS end-analysis LOD 1 pg/L for BuSnFL and Bu2SnH2, and 2 pg/L for Bu3SnH87b. 

Scheme 9). This labelled tin oxide was used to determine the clearance of bis(tributyltin) oxide from mice. The study was undertaken because bis(tributyltin) oxide is used to control schistomiasis. Many other labelled tin compounds have been used as tracers for tin compounds in fish, in animals and in the environment34. 

Penninks108 assessed the evaluation of a safety factor to determine a Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) value for the environmental contaminant bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO). The... 

Jeltes has discussed the determination of bis (tributyltin) oxide in air by atomic absorption spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography. Luskina and Syavtsillo have described procedures for the determination of tetraethyltin and tetrabutyltin in air and in water. Smith has discussed the determination of tin in organisms and in water. 

An estimate of the accuracy of both analytical methods was performed on bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide and tri-n-butyltin chloride solutions (8.9-35.6 ig/l) prepared in filtered (0.45 im) near-shore seawater free of detectable organ-otins. Average mean recoveries of 92.8% by both methods were determined for tributyltin standard solutions. Low ng/1 levels of mono-, di-, and tributyltin were found in samples taken from San Diego Bay. 

The radioactive tin-125 isotope in the bis(tributyltin-125) oxide enabled Klotzer and Gomer40 to use a neutron activation analysis to determine the percent tin in the organotin compounds formed in the photochemical reaction between bis(tributyltin-125) oxide and glucose (equation 39). 

Tributyltin deuteride has also been used to help determine the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation of carbonylmanganese phosphites and carbonylmanganese phosphines (equation 113). 

Valkirs et al. [755,756] compared two methods for the determination of pg L 1 levels of dialkyltin and tributyltin species in marine and estuarine waters. The two methods studied were hydride generation followed by atomic absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Good agreement was obtained between the results of the two methods. Down to 0.0 lmg kg 1 of butyltin compounds, including tri- -butyl tin and tri-n-butyl tin oxide, could be detected. 

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