Triangle of bonding

The contrast is easily seen in the confrontation of chemistry and physics with the solid state. Look, for instance, at the classical triangle of bonding in materials, with its vertices of ionic substances (represented, say, by NaCl), metals (Ni, for instance), and covalent solids (diamond or silicon). In approaching theoretically any real substance, which is most imlikely to be at one or another extreme of this graph, the physics commimity clearly favored the ionic and metallic entry points. While chemists, addicted to the molecular compounds so easy to synthesize and analyze in the 20th century, found... 

Use electronegativity values to locate the bonds in the following compounds in the triangle of bonding given earlier (Chap. 5). 

Van Arkel triangle of bonding. [Copyright Peter Wothers, used by permission.]... 

A typical van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle of bonding based on electronegativity. [Copyright... 

Norman s quantitative triangle of bonding. (From the Chemogenesis Web Book, Mark R Leach, meta-synthesis.]... 

Of course, it is also possible to initiate a discussion of polar covalent bonding from the opposite apex of the triangle of bonding, beginning with the ionic point of view and introducing covalent character into the mix. The sketches in Figure 6.11 help illustrate the transition between a purely ionic and a polar covalent bond. In a strictly ionic bond, the ions can be considered as hard spheres whose electron clouds cannot interpenetrate with one another. When the cation and anion have identical ionic radii, as shown in Figure 6.11 (a), the hard-spheres, ionic model is often... 

Ketalaar s triangle of bonding was introduced in Chapter 6 in order to explain the transition between the three primary types of chemical bonding discussed in detail in... 

The second type of trinuclear compounds containing (M302(02CR)(,(H20)3] and obtained by the reaction of M(CO)6 (M = Mo, W) with carboxylic acids, features a similar triangle of M-M bonded metal atoms but this time capped on both sides by hj-O atoms (Fig, 23.8d). Complexes m which either one or both of these capping atoms arc replaced by /iy-CR, alkylidene. 

Two electron pairs are as far apart as possible when they are directed at 180° to one another. This gives BeF2 a linear structure. The three electron pairs around the boron atom in BF3 are directed toward the comers of an equilateral triangle the bond angles are 120°. We describe this geometry as trigonal planar. 

Fig. 2.42 Boiling curves of water in restricted space. Squares indicate Bond number Bn = 0.185, circles indicate Bond number Bn = 0.493, triangles indicate Bond number Bn = 0.9, and last symbol (-X-) indicate Bn = 1.52...

Cluster fragments, e.g., M(CO)3, can display a variety of bonding capabilities even within the same molecule. This is the case in the structures of the binary carbonyls of osmium. The simplest cluster, illustrated in (a), is Os3(CO)12. This consists of an equilateral triangle... 

Figure 1. The variation of bond angles C5-05-C1 and 05-C1-01 with the torsion angle < ) for 2-methoxytetrahydropyran. The curves with squares (C5-05-C1) and triangles (05-C1-01) are for the axial form and the rhombuses (C5-05-C1) and stars (05-C1-01) are for the equatorial form. These curves were calculated with PCILO, with full optimization of geometry at each increment.

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