Trapping of atoms

Miller J D, Cline R A and Heinzen D J 1993 Far-off-resonanoe optioal trapping of atoms Phys.Rev. A 47 R4567-70... 

Ashkin, A. (1970) Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett, 24, 156-159. (1978) Trapping of atoms by resonance... 

On approaching the surface, each atom or molecule encounters an attractive potential that ultimately will bind it to the surface under proper circumstances. The process that involves trapping of atoms or molecules that are incident on the surface is called adsorption. It is always an exothermic process. For historical reasons, the heat of adsorption is always denoted as having a positive sign—unlike the enthalpy... 

In this section I hope to show how the sensitivity of laser spectroscopy is exploited to obtain data on very low concentrations of atoms. In particular I will start off by considering a few laser atomic beam studies aimed at measuring optical isotope shifts and show how short-lived nuclei can be studied in this way. I shall also mention how it is possible to beat the natural linewidth and obtain supernatural spectra . The discussion of laser studies at low atomic concentrations then leads me onto consider experiments on laser cooling and trapping of atoms and ions. In this context I will also mention some experiments using the shelved electron idea to detect very weak transitions. Finally, I will say something about Rydberg atoms and the effects of atoms near metallic surfaces. 

Optical Cooling and Trapping of Atoms Fig. 9.25 Potential energy of... 

St. Chu, J.E. Bjorkholm, A. Ashldn, L. Holberg, A. Cable, Cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, in Methods of Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by Y. Prior, A. Ben-Reuven, M. Rosenbluth (Plenum, New York, 1986), p. 41... 

A. Ashkin, J.P. Gordon, Cooling and trapping of atoms by resonance radiation pressure. Opt. Lett. 4, 161 (1979)... 

A whole chapter is devoted to time-resolved spectroscopy including the generation and detection of ultrashort light pulses. The principles of coherent spectroscopy, which have found widespread applications, are covered in a separate chapter. The combination of laser spectroscopy and collision physics, which has given new impetus to the study and control of chemical reactions, has deserved an extra chapter. In addition, more space has been given to optical cooling and trapping of atoms and ions. 

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