Transverse tensile modulus

As in the case of the transverse tensile modulus, 2. the above analysis tends to underestimate the in-plane shear modulus. Therefore, once again it is common to resort to empirical relationships and the most popular is the Halpin-Tsai equation... 

The next level of complexity in the treatment is to orient the apphed stress at an angle, 6, to the lamina fiber axis, as illustrated in Figure 5.119. A transformation matrix, [T], must be introduced to relate the principal stresses, o, 02, and tu, to the stresses in the new x-y coordinate system, a, ay, and t j, and the inverse transformation matrix, [T]- is used to convert the corresponding strains. The entire development will not be presented here. The results of this analysis are that the tensile moduli of the composite along the x and y axes, E, and Ey, which are parallel and transverse to the applied load, respectively, as well as the shear modulus, Gxy, can be related to the lamina tensile modulus along the fiber axis, 1, the transverse tensile modulus, E2, the lamina shear modulus, Gu, Poisson s ratio, vn, and the angle of lamina orientation relative to the applied load, 6, as follows ... 

Care must be mieicised to use the correct fibre modulus Ef in the case of anisotropic fibres such as carbon and Kevlar. In eqn 6.14 it is the axial tensile modulus in eqn 6.20 it is the transverse tensile modulus. 

Notes The first subscript 1 or t refers to directions longitudinal and transverse to the fibre. The second subscript, t, f or c, refers to tensile, flexural and compressive properties. For example, is the transverse tensile modulus. 

In the above equations, is the tensile modulus measured in direction I, E2 is the transverse tensile modulus, Gi2 and G23 are shear moduli corresponding to shear stresses in directions 2 and 3 on planes perpendicular to 1 and 2 respectively, and v 2 = and V23 = —S2IC2 are Poisson s... 

Particle Geometry Longitudinal Tensile Modulus Ell Transverse Tensile Modulus 22 Shear Modulus Gn... 

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