Transport and Mixing in the Stratosphere

FIGURE 5.33 Qualitative behavior of the ozone removal rate in the lower stratosphere as a function of NO level (Wennberg et al. 1994). SPADE stands for Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition. This is a cumulative plot the contributions of the various processes add to produce the upper curve. 

The tropical tropopause, essentially defined by the 380 K potential temperature surface (see Chapter 21), is located at about 16-17 km. Tropical convection occurs up to an altitude of about 11-12 km. Between these two levels lies a transition region between the tropopause and the stratosphere, call the tropica tropopause layer (TTL). Together with the lowermost stratosphere, the region is referred to as the upper troposphere/lower 

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