Transplantation, tissue engineering

Cell Sourcing Cell Transplantation Tissue Engineered Implants Extracorporeal Devices... 

Despite these failures, the need still exists for alternative liver therapies. Several new techniques including cell transplantation, tissue-engineered constructs, and extra- and paracorporeal devices seek to relieve some of the demands placed on a compromised liver. Liver assist devices allow the liver to regenerate its function by removing some of the demands. Bridge-to-transplant devices seek to maintain patients until suitable donors are available. Some therapies seek to remove toxins from the blood, and they have a place in the treatment scheme, but due to the complex and multifunctional nature of the organ, some type of cell-based therapy is considered a more complete solution. 

Hepatocytes are a cell-type, of particular interest in tissue engineering due to the regenerative capacity of the liver and the quantity of waiting liver transplant recipients, for which there are too few available organ donors. While the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytes does not... 

Cima, L. G., Vacanti, J. P., Vacant, C., Ingber, D., Mooney, D., and Langer, R. (1991). Tissue engineering by cell transplantation using degradable polymer substrates. /. Biomech. Eng. 113,143-151. 

Cima, L., Vacanti, J., Vacant , C., Tissue Engineering by Cell transplantation using... 

Sittinger, M., Bujia, J., Rotter, N., Reitzel, D., Minuth, W. W., and Burmester, G. R. (1996). Tissue engineering and autologous transplant formation Practical approaches with resorbable biomaterials and new cell culture techniques. Biomaterials 17, 237-242. 

The first tissue engineering product to be approved targeted the treatment of burns and consisted of keratinocytes cultivated in vitro, which form a tissue that is later transplanted to the patient. Beyond this product, others are already being commercialized for a wide range of applications. Examples are Carticel (marketed by Genzyme), which consists of chondrocytes employed in the treatment of cartilaginous defects caused by acute or repetitive traumas Apligraf (Novartis), used in the treatment of venous ulcer and DACS SC (Dendreon), utilized for reconstitution of the immune system after chemotherapy. 

In vivo Tissue engineering Tissue/organ Transplantation of tissue [15]... 

Snndback, C.A. Vacant , J.P. Alternatives to hver transplantation From hepatocyte transplantation to tissue-engineered organs. Gastroenterology 2000 118 438 -442... 

Macchiarini P, Jungebluth P, Go T et al (2008) Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway. Lancet 372(9655) 2023-2030... 

Langer, R. Vacanti, J.P. Tissue engineering the design and fabrication of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation. Lancet 1999, 354, 23. 

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