Transient Inward Current

Benndorf, K., Friedrich, M. and Hirche, H. (1991). Reoxygenation-induced arrhythmogenic transient inward currents in isolated cells of the guinea-pig heart. Pflugers Arch. 418, 248-260. 

Fedida, D., Noble, D., Rankin, A.C. and Spindler, A.J. (1987). The arrhythmogenic transient inward current iTI and related contraction in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J. Physiol. 392, 523-542. 

Karagueuzian, H.S. and Katzung, B.G. (1982). Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. J. Physiol, 327, 255-271. 

Kass, R.S., Tsien, R.W. and Weingart, R. (1978). Ionic basis of transient inward current induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. J. Physiol. 281, 209-226. 

Matsuura, H. and Shattock, M.J. (1991a). Membrane potential fluctuations and transient inward currents induced by reactive oxygen intermediates in isolated rabbit ventricular cells. Circ. Res. 68, 319-329. 

FIG. 5. Ca2+ sparks drive electrical activity in myocytes. In contrast to the traditional concept of electrical activity deriving from descending neural control via postsynaptic responses, spontaneous Ca2+ release results in electrical activity in smooth muscle. The figure shows a Ca2+ spark activating sarcolemmal Ca2+-activated Cl- channels and spontaneous transient inward currents (STICs) (current trace above). Whether Ca2+ sparks activate outward STOCs (Ca2+-activated K+ currents) or STICs will depend on the proportion of channels expressed and the resting potential of the myocyte. 

---