Transient and Pulsating Flows

Numerous data about the hydrodynamic characteristics for bodies of unfavorable streamline shape are given in the monograph [117]. Note that the results given by the theory of laminar boundary layer are valid only for the Reynolds number in the range from several hundreds to 105. 

Sufficient information about the drag coefficient of the circular cylinder in a wide range of the Reynolds numbers can be found in Section 2.7. 

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Flow which fluctuates with time, such as pulsating flow in arteries, is more difficult to experimentally quantify than steady-state motion because phase encoding of spatial coordinate(s) and/or velocity requires the acquisition of a series of transients. Then a different velocity is detected in each transient. Hence the phase-twist caused by the motion in the presence of magnetic field gradients varies from transient to transient. However if the motion is periodic, e.g., v(r,t)=VQsin (n t +( )q] with a spatially varying amplitude Vq=Vq(/-), a pulsation frequency co =co (r) and an arbitrary phase ( )q, the phase modulation of the acquired data set is described as follows ... 

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