Transference number experimental aspects

To this end, experimental heat and mass transfer coefficients were determined in a fluidized bed. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were obtained in terms of Reynolds number and aspect ratios dp/L and dp/D. The results are also analyzed in terms of the Kato and Wen(5) and Nelson and Galloway(6) models. 

A possible way to enhance heat transfer in systems with high power density is to change the phase in the micro-channels embedded in the device. This has motivated a number of theoretical and experimental investigations covering various aspects of heat transfer in micro-channel heat sinks with phase change. 

A number of publications in recent years have demonstrated an active interest in the theoretical aspects of electron transfer (ET) processes in biological systems (1.-9). This interest was stimulated by the extensive experimental information regarding the temperature dependence of ET rates measured over a broad range of temperatures (10-16). The unimolecular rate of cyto-chrome-c oxidation in Chromatium (10-12), for example, exhibits the Arrhenius type dependence and changes by three orders of... 

A number of channel protein structures are known in considerable detail, so their function can be studied in relation to structure, and models for which structure and properties can be characterized together can be constructed. Experimental approaches to this problem have tended to focus on the specific functions of each protein rather than on the general physical aspects of the problem. An approach based on electrochemical concepts and techniques emphasizes the general properties of the different structures and provides insights into the electrochemical nature of the charge-transfer phenomena in all channel systems. 

The theme here is electron transfer, in inner- and outer-sphere reactions and, to a lesser degree, in related processes like optically induced charge transfer or excited state decay. Three books have been written on electron transfer, by Reynolds and Luniry, Cannon and Ulstrup, the last of which emphasizes theoretical aspects. In addition, a series of theoretical and experimental articles appear in the book Tunneling in Biological Systems , edited by Chance et and in volume 74 (1982) of the Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society. A number of reviews have appeared, dealing both with general aspects - and more specialized themes, and many will be referred to in the sections that follow. 

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