Transdermal transport mechanism

Pikal, M.J. 1990. Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. I. A theoretical model for the effect of electroosmotic flow on flux enhancement in transdermal iontophoresis. Pharm Res 1 (2) 118. 

Iontophoresis by definition is the process of transport of ions into or through a tissue by the use of an applied potential difference across the tissue [52], Depending on the physicochemical characteristics of a molecular species, electrorepulsion is usually the primary mechanism of transdermal transport for ions, whereas electroosmosis and increased passive diffusion (as a result of the reduced barrier properties) are more prominent for neutral species [53]. In contrast, enhancement in flux for neutral or weakly charged species during electroporation arises predominantly from the reduced barrier properties of the membrane, whereas direct electrorepulsion is usually of secondary importance [25],... 

R.H. Mechanism of enhanced transdermal transport by low-frequency ultrasound the role of local heating. Proc. 

To further illustrate the mechanisms of chemically and physically enhanced transdermal transport, a transdermal transport model will be discussed here. Generally, the permeability of the stratum corneum can be divided into parallel lipoidal and pore pathway... 

Gao S, Singh J. Mechanism of transdermal transport of 5-fluorouracil by terpenes carvone, 1,8-cineole and thymol. Int ] Pharm 1997 154(1) 67-77. 

Jacobson, S.H. Molecular modeling studies of polymeric transdermal adhesives structure and transport mechanisms. Pharmaceut. Technol. 1999, September, 122-130. 

Potential mechanisms for improved dermal/transdermal transport... 

Ahmed, S. Imai, T. Otagiri, M. Evaluation of stereoselective transdermal transport and concurrent hydrolysis of several ester prodrugs of propranolol mechanism of stereoselective permeation. Pharm. Res. 1996, 13, 1524-1535. 

Roberts, M.S., et al. 1997. Solute structure as a determinant of iontophoretic transport. In Mechanisms of transdermal drug delivery, eds. R.H.G. Potts and R.H. Guy. New York Marcel Dekker, chap. 9. 

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