Tracheobronchiolar deposition

Tracheobronchiolar Deposition Fast-Cleared Thoracic Deposition Aerodynamic Domain... 

Experimental studies in idealized bronchial structures (e.g., 97-103) or in replicates of casts (e.g., 104-112) allow inhalation of substantial amounts of particles into easily accessible structures without having to deal with secondary redistribution phenomena caused by continuous particle clearing or lung preparation processes. They are performed to obtain information on primary deposition patterns with finer spatial resolution than is possible in in vivo experiments. These types of measurements may also be considered as the experimental match, validating theoretical approaches on particle deposition (see later). Mean local deposition rates, but also the heterogeneity of particle deposition within bifurcating zones, were investigated. Many studies (98-103,105,111) specifically focused on localization of so-called hot-spots, which are sites of enhanced deposition within the larynx or the tracheobronchiolar tree and may be most important rela-... 

Empirical model calculations of total deposition in the human respiratory system are given by Heyder et al. (163) and Rudolf et al. (165-168). From the empirical Eq.(8) for extrathoracic (DEet), tracheobronchiolar (DEtb), and alveolar deposition DEf), total deposition (Z Eiot) can be assessed by... 

Because the number of particles deposited in the tracheobronchiolar region will be decreased by particle losses during inspiration in the extrathoracic region (1 - Eet), the empirical expression for tracheobronchiolar particle deposition (DEtb) is... 

A. Local Deposition Within the Tracheobronchiolar and Alveolar Region... 

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